Describes the types of impression evidence and provides examples of the different kinds.
Impressions
Information from Forensic Science Central
Toolmarks
Tools are often used by criminals to force entry to premises and can leave behind evidence for the forensic scientist to find. Scottish Police Forensic Services
How impression evidence works
Footprints, Tire Tread and Tool Marks. From HowStuffWorks.com
Toolmarks
From Purdue University Forensic Science Department.
Toolmarks are an impression left by an object, scrape marks, shearing marks, etc.
2010 Article from Forensic Magazine
This lesson from the National Museum of Crime & Punishment provides photos and analysis of shoe impressions and bitemarks used in crime scene analysis. A discussion of castings is also included.
Firearms, Toolmarks and Other Impressions
PowerPoint Presentation
Impression and Pattern Evidence
From the National Institute of Justice
Latent Prints: Footwear and Tires
Just as in fingerprints, the minute details in each and every tire and article of footwear can be used to identify an unknown crime scene impression to a known article of footwear or a tire.
Footwear Forensics: New Techniques to Analzye Footwear Treads
A new computer algorithm can analyze the footwear marks left at a crime scene according to clusters of footwear types, makes and tread patterns even if the imprint recorded by crime scene investigators is distorted or only a partial print.